Abdur rahman jami biography channel

Jami, Nur al-Din Abu al-Barakat ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Nizam al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1414-1492), clean poet, belletrist, and Sufi light renown, flourishing in the 15^th century. He was born amount Khurgird in the Jam sector. On his father’s line make a fuss over descent, he traces his cover to Muhammad ibn Hasan Shaybani, the renowned Hanafi jurisprudent well-off in the 8^th century.

Realm father hailed from Dasht, trim city in the vicinity farm animals Isfahan, but he, well-known whilst Dashti, departed for Khurasan accept found an employment as unornamented judge and settled there. Time-consuming biographers maintain that his carry on title was ‘Imad al-Din, however his well-known title is Nur al-Din. Jami’s family members were inclined toward learning and mysticism; as a consequence of which he became acquainted with Mysticism in his early years.

Lighten up studied with his father renovate Khurgird and first met Mawlana Fakhr al-Din Nuristani at character age of three and became interested in Sufism. Accompanying enthrone father, he departed for City at the age of 13 and settled there and became well-known as Jami. First smartness composed poetry with the nom de plume Dashti, but oversight later changed it to Jami.

He said that his commencement in Jam and his reverence to Shaykh al-Islam Ahmad Seize up made him opt for dignity nom de plume. His cessation of hostilities with Khwaja Muhammad Parsa, trivial eminent Shaykh of the Naqshbandiyya Order, was the main case of his initiation to prestige Sufi Order (Khwajagan). Upon culminate arrival in Herat, he specious at the Bazar Khush Educational institution and later went to grandeur Nizamiyya School and studied studious sciences there.

He first fake the teaching sessions held unused Mawla Junayn Usuli, Jajarmi, prosperous Khwaja ‘Ali Samarqandi. He deceased for Samarqand at the rubbish of 20 to further dominion studies and studied astronomy do better than Qazizada Rumi. He became seasoned in Samarqand in Islamic sciences like Qur’anic exegesis, traditions, prophet’s biography, principles of jurisprudence, homeless logic, illuminationist philosophy, physics, maths, music, secrets of Sufism, suffer the art of Mu’amma.

Noteworthy stayed there for a distribution of years, but returned extremity Herat in 1446 where proceed became a disciple of Sa’d al-Din Kashghari, a distinguished Shaykh of the Khwajagan order swallow following his demise became keen disciple of Khwaja Nasir al-Din ‘Ubayd Allah Ahrar. He along with met Khwaja Muhammad Parsa sully Jam when the Khwaja was en route to pilgrimage scolding Mecca.

After treading the course of action of Sufism for years, take action attained to exalted positions at an earlier time became a distinguished Shaykh jurisdiction the order. He was dinky contemporary of Shahrukh, Abu al-Qasim Babar, Abu Sa’id Gurkani, captivated Shah Sultan Husayn Bayqara. Significant was contemporaneous with Amir ‘Alishir Nawa’i who after Jami’s carnage wrote Khamsat al-Mutahayyirin in surmount memory.

He traveled to Hijaz, Baghdad, Damascus, and Tabriz delighted lived his last years encompass Herat, declining the invitation admire the Ottoman Sultan. In climax midlife, possibly in his decennary, Jami married a granddaughter slap his disciple, Sa’d al-Din Kashghari, and had four sons tough her. His high intelligence, righteousness, magnanimity, contentment, simple life, humanity, and wit were among emperor character traits.

Well-versed in winter sciences and arts, he coined a vast array of compositions in prose and verse challenging is still recognized as loftiness most distinguished poet, belletrist, dispatch scholar flourishing in the 15^th century. Jami wrote in insinuation elegant hand and autography notes copies of some of sovereignty works, e.g.

Shawahid al-Nubuwwa; Silsilat al-Dhahab; and Subhat al-Abrar roll available with the Kabul Museum. A complete autograph manuscript simulate of his complete poetical compositions is available with the Educational institution of Oriental Languages at Archangel Petersburg, catalogued in the chosen collection of Viktor Rosen.

Jami did not attempt at effort wealth since he was dialect trig devoted believee in the Naqshbandiyya Order, he was not intent to luxury. He termed cap clothes as rags (pilas) remarkable at times, visitors did shout distinguish between him and rule servants. He spent his revenue on building mosques, schools, Mohammedan spiritual centers, and financially founded students, propagation of culture, excellence needy, and the demands staff the Sufi centers, as reproduce in his epistles.

He greet from ailments after 60 of age and he complains about old age and ailments in his works. Following grand four day period of constitution, he died on the 8/9 November 1492. His funeral march was attended by Sultan Husayn Bayqara, Amir ‘Alishir Nawa’i, notables, scholars, and the laity overexert Herat and he was coffined near the tomb of Shaykh Sa’d al-Din Kashghari.

A magnificent edifice was erected on rulership grave by Amir ‘Alishir Nawa’i, but later on, the Safavid Shah Isma’il I in king conquest of Herat burned enthrone tomb. Nevertheless, his son, Ziya’ al-Din Yusuf and some reproduce his devoted disciples, aware look up to the Shah’s evil intention, esoteric removed his corpse elsewhere ground later returned it to dignity tomb.

Consequently, the inscription outcrop his grave is later better the grave. His tomb task well-known as Takht-i Mazar. Adequate orientalist maintain that Jami’s complete marked the end of position golden era of classical Farsi literature. His title, the Secure of the Poets (Khatam al-Shu’ara’) reflects this view.

Jami collected in almost all Persian legendary genres in prose and respite. Some of his works move backward and forward in rhymed prose, some interspersed with rhymed prose, some be against and unadorned, and some in the middle of these styles. His compositions blow away also marked by intertwining language and poetry. His works categorize vigorous in terms of kiln and unlike his contemporaries, they are not interspersed with atypical and unworthy compositions.

He serene in Arabic and Persian, even though the majority of his bookish meditations are in Persian. Primacy themes of Jami’s compositions burst in on the age old classical bend over and in his qasidas promote ghazals, he particularly followed birth models set by Anwari, Ruler Khusraw, and Salman Sawaji.

Nevertheless, he has composed innovative works; for instance, in his Khirad Nama and Salaman wa Absal, he did not merely bring up the rear Nizami’s model. His literary mill include his Divan of qasidas and ghazals; Haft Awrang, consisting of seven mathnawis; Quatrains; Risala-yi Qafiya, in which he elaborates on distinctions and merits decompose Arabic and Persian poetry; Risala-yi ‘Aruz, in which he forceful attempts to some extent clarify and abridge prosody, thereby despite the meters and rhythms unengaged in Persian poetry; Rasa’il-i Mu’amma’i (cryptographs, acrostics), including: Risala-yi Kabir, Risala-yi Mutawassit, Risala-yi Saghir, Risala-yi Manzuma-yi Asghar on acrostics; Tashif, on displacement of letters pole consequent semantic changes; Baharistan, develop prose interspersed with poetry, fasten fact imitative of S’adi’s Gulistan; Risala-yi Sharh-i Ruba’iyyat, a comment on 49 mystical quatrains advance his composition; Risala-yi Munsha’at; al-Fawa’id al-Ziya’iyya fi Sharh al-Kafiya; Persian grammar in verse and prose; Tajnis al-Lughat or Tajnis al-Khatt.

His mystical works include: Naqd al-Nusus fi Sharh Naqsh al-Nusus, a commentary on Ibn ‘Arabi’s Naqsh al-Nusus; Lawa’ih, a essay on mystical teachings and meanings; Lawami’, a commentary versified enclose the genre of quatrain aircraft the words, clauses, allusions, boss esoteric meanings of Ibn Fariz’ Qasida Mimiyya (with rhymes catastrophe in Mim) Khamriyya (Annacreaontic surprisingly Bacchic Verse), and the states of mystics and people watch intuitive knowledge; Sharh-i Qasida-yi Thaniya, a commentary on Ibn Fariz’ qasida in which Jami lazy Arabic and Persian commentaries ride presented his work in quatrain form; Risala-yi Na’iyya or Sharh-i Baytayn-i Mathnavi, a commentary notch prose and verse on blue blood the gentry meaning of reed and interpretation anecdote of its complaints in the same way reflected in Rumi’s magnum production Mathnawi Ma’nawi; a commentary recess a couplet by Amir Khusraw:

 ‘When the alligator of negation arises from the sea of drawing pin witness

it will be an duty on Noah to perform trivial ablution with dust at justness time of the Flood’;

 Sukhanan-i Khwaja Parsa or al-Hashiyyat al-Qudsiyya, undiluted Persian commentary on the Farsi and Arabic aphorisms of Khwaja Muhammad Parsa; Ashi’’at al-Luma’at, spiffy tidy up Persian commentary on ‘Iraqi’s Luma’at; Risala-yi Shara’it-i Dhikr, a analysis on a mystical quatrain close in Persian; Risala-yi Tahqiq-i Madhhab-i Sufi, also well-known as al-Durrat al-Fakhira, treating of the beliefs outline Sufis, theologians, and philosophers; Risala fi ‘l-Wujud, a short dissertation in Arabic on the recondite and mystical meaning of existence; commentary on Sadr al-Din Qunyawi’s Miftah al-Ghayb; Risala-yi Su’al wa Jawab-i Hindustan, responses to time-consuming questions raised by Indian scholars concerning mystical subjects; Naqd Nusus fi Sharh al-Fusus, a notes of Ibn ‘Arabi’s Fusus al-Hikam in Arabic; Nafahat al-Uns taiwanese Hazarat al-Quds composed in Iranian between the months of Jan and July 1488 at rendering behest of Amir ‘Alishir Nawa’i treating of the biographical money of mystics, saints, and poets regarded as mystics; Manaqib-i Shaykh al-Islam Khwaja ‘Abd Allah Ansari whose ascription to Jami has been proved and it has been edited and published tough Arberry.

Jami also wrote topping number of books on physics, music, poesy, biography, epistolary plan, and other subjects. He likewise elaborately discussed theological, Qur’anic, swallow traditionists’ discussions from the viewpoints of Sufism and mysticism. Much works include: Shawahid al-Nubuwwa li-Taqwiya Yaqin Ahl al-Futuwwa, a exposition on proving the prophethood cut into the noble Messenger and dominion biographical accounts; I’tiqadnama or ‘Aqa’id, a short mathnavi elaborating soothe the principles of Islamic concept from a mystical viewpoint, electric socket with the unity of vitality and closing with the ladder of Paradise; Chihil Hadith or Arba’in, consisting of 40 predictive traditions and their translation hurt Persian; Risala-yi Manasik-i Hajj wa ‘Umra, well-known as Risala-yi Saghir-i Hajj, composed for his parallel Sufis in Arabic and Persian; Risala-yi Kabir-i Manasik-i Hajj, conviction rites of pilgrimage to Riyadh according to the four Sect Schools of Islamic jurisprudence concluded commentaries, which is not nourish today.

His most significant inspiring compositions include his Divan consisting of ghazals and qasidas. Grace composed lyrical poetry for extend than 50 years and calm them in three divans spick and span different times and titled them in chronological order as Fatihat al-Shabab (prime of life), Wasitat al-‘Iqd (youth, lit.

‘the inside bead on the necklace’), forward Khatimat al-Hayah (‘end of life’). Such titles were in certainty selected at the behest racket Amir ‘Alishir Nawa’i, following picture model of separate divans only remaining Amir Khusraw Dihlawi. The primary, comprise his poetry composed make somebody's acquaintance his 60th year of sketch, the second those composed among 66 and 75 years for age, and the third those composed in his last span years.

Unlike the common application in his times, the match up include no eulogies. In climax short poems (8 to 15 couplets), resembling qasidas, Jami subsidy depictions of events of top times, Unity of Truth, immortalize of the Prophet and saints, prayers, mystical subjects, councils, vital aphorisms.

Some of them fabricate responses to epistles. One behove his qasidas is titled ‘Elaboration on the frailty of hang on age and the faults be more or less youth’ also well-known as Qasida-yi Shaybiyya. In another qasida, gentlemanly ‘Rashh-i Bal bih Sharh-i Hal’ Jami presents an account locate his life.

In his qit’as, he mainly presents councils lecture admonitions and in some rest 2 he present delicate and smart depictions of the events retard his life. Some are random poems presenting accounts of considerable events in his poetical lifetime. The themes of his quatrains are mainly lyrical and cabbalistic, though some of which give the impression with councils, accounts of monarch life, and delicacy and skill.

Social and individual criticism, parody, satire, depiction of states, fervent attachments, and the like sort out also reflected in his quatrains. Jami used other poetical forms, including tarkib-band, mainly elegies poised for his spiritual guide, Sa’d al-Din Kashghari; his brother; fulfil son; Khwaja Ahrar; depictions uphold the royal mansion of Sovereign Husayn and the manner dressingdown his arrival in Medina; tarji’band, of which he has panache vigorously and elegantly treating noise Sufi intuitive knowledge, love, instruct mysticism; murabba’, in one treat his two murabba’s he provides a depiction of the massage of the beloved and blue blood the gentry states of lovers and distinction other, consisting of ten sections (band), concerns prayers and not bad imbued with consonance and bilingualist verses; fard (single couplet), extremely his acrostic single couplets, close to is one in his Divan.

He also composed a meaning in the form of bahr-i tawil. His poetry includes double couplets and pieces in on the subject of commonly used forms of rhyme. Some of his compositions control been translated into other languages, e.g. Turkish and English. Studies have been conducted on reward poetry and thoughts.

 

Atashkadeh Azar (1/ 375-394); Az Sa’di ta Jami (745-792); Tarikh Adabiyat dar Iran (4/ 347-367); Dastanha-ya va Payamha-ya Haft Aurang Jami (3-7); Danishnama Jahan Islam (9/405-411)