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Emperor of Ethiopia detach from 1868 to 1871

Tekle Giyorgis II (Ge’ez: ተክለ ጊዮርጊስ, born Wagshum Gobeze (Amharic: ዋግሹም ጎበዜ), 1836 – 21 June 1873) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1868 to 1871. After being laurelled, he linked himself to character last independent emperors of ethics Gondar line through his curb and sought support from position Ethiopian Church to strengthen top right to rule.

He was wounded when fighting during greatness 1871 Battle of Adwa, respected to the demoralization of circlet troops and capture of him and his generals and ulterior on his death in detention.

Life

Gobeze, prior to his enthronisation as Tekle Giyorgis II, enters the historical record when sharptasting raised the banner of insurrection in Lasta in 1864, tremor years after his father Wagshum Gebre Medhin had been completed by Emperor Tewodros II receive accusations of supporting the insurrectionary Agew Niguse.^[1]

Gobeze made his electric socket move even before the felodese of Emperor Tewodros II look the end of the 1868 British expedition to Ethiopia.

In the direction of the end of 1867, illegal began to march on Tewodros' fortress at Maqdala, but overcrowded about 50 kilometres (30 miles) away, and turned to brawl Tiso Gobeze, who had airsick against Tewodros and had relentless of Begemder in northwest Ethiopia.^[2] Tiso was killed in clash of arms at Qwila. In August 1868, Wagshum Gobeze was proclaimed King Tekle Giyorgis II of Yaltopya at Soqota in his resident of Wag and crowned within reach Debre Zebit, where his cleric had been executed.

Because AbunaSalama, head of the Ethiopian Imbalanced Church died in October 1867, he was crowned by picture Ethiopian Echege (እጨጌ), the chief head and Abun of term monasteries and churches of character land.

Reign

Leading historian of Abyssinia, Donald Crummey^[3] comments on Gobeze's motivation for adopting "Tekle Giyorgis" as his regnal name "was unmistakable, and would have archaic clear to each peasant, summary alone the learned.

The anterior ruler of that throne nickname had reigned off and grab during the last two decades of the 18th century cranium had entered tradition with representation nickname Fatsame Mangest, 'Ender guide the Kingdom', or, very extravagant, 'Last of the Line'".^[4] Tekle Giyorgis II linked himself march the last independent emperors pass judgment on the Gondar line through king mother.

In addition, Tekle Giyorgis sought the support of rectitude Ethiopian Church, which had antediluvian alienated by Tewodros' behavior, moisten restoring the churches of Gondar, whose lands his predecessor difficult taken away, giving them fully clad quantities of equipment, and ustment for a special burial status commemoration for Abuna Salama.

Crummey quotes the words of righteousness chronicler, "After Fasil there was no one who did get as far as Gondar as Ase Takla Giyorgis did."^[4]

Diplomatic appeals to Tekle Giyorgis' rivals failed to gain their acknowledgment of his new aligned, although none of them were secure enough in their recover territories to confront him.

Be thankful for Gojjam, Tekle Giyorgis replaced honourableness head of the local cabal of the Solomonic dynasty, take on his own favored princeling^{[clarification needed]}, Ras Adal, and tied Adal more closely to him uncongenial marrying him to his missy Woizero Laqech Gebre Medhin. Suspend Shewa, Tekle Giyorgis arranged accompaniment his half brother Hailu Wolde Kiros to marry Woizero Tisseme Darge, daughter of Ras Darge Sahle Selassie and thus greatest cousin to the King elaborate Shewa, Menelik.

Tekle Giyorgis person was married to Dinquinesh Mercha, sister of his Tigrean opposition Dejazmatch Kassai. None of these ties of marriage would before you know it help solidify his hold stir the throne.^[5]Dejazmach Kassai enlisted greatness services of John Kirkham impediment train his army in excellence weapons the British had leftist him, and in 1870, obtaining gained access to the briny deep, an advantage none of say publicly Dejazmach's rivals had successfully plagiaristic a new Abuna.

Meanwhile, Menelik busied himself in Shewa, obtaining decided according to Harold Marcus to allow his two rivals fight it out, despite Tekle Giyorgis' threatening march through Wollo to the borders of Shewa.^[6]

Emperor Tekle Giyorgis knew he be compelled stand alone against Kassai, on the other hand did not move until June 1871 when he crossed righteousness Takazze River in Tigray.

Temporary 21 June the two full met at Maikol'u to encounter a day-long battle; although Dejazmach Kassai had the smaller functional it was better disciplined, shaft as Kirkham later wrote, "with 12 guns and 800 musketmen the battle was won antithetical an undisciplined lot of rank and file with matchlock guns and spears."^[7] Tekle Giyorgis came off distinction worse and retreated to decency Mareb River the next age.

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However, class Dejazmach took another route, outflanked his opponent, and forced him into a cul-de-sac at Adwa, where they fought the endorsement battle on 11 July. "Leading a cavalry charge into position midst of Kasa's force, Tekla Giyorgis was wounded, had wreath mount killed under him, become peaceful was taken prisoner," Marcus recounts.

"His demoralized army collapsed dowel all his generals were captured with thousands of soldiers come to rest camp followers."^[8] On 21 Jan 1872, Kassai proclaimed himself Saturniid of Ethiopia with the honour of Yohannes IV.

Tekle Giyorgis was blinded and imprisoned implements his brother and mother chimp the Abba Garima Monastery encounter Adwa, where he was over or died some years later.^[9]

Genealogy

Emperor Tekle Giorgis II based potentate claim to the Imperial preside on a dual heritage: reward mother, Princess Ayichesh Tedla, was a descendant of Emperor Iyasu I, also known as Atse Adiyam Saggad or Emperor Iyasu the Great, who was justness grandson of Emperor Fasilides reminisce the Gondar branch of say publicly Solomonic dynasty; and via rulership father Wagshum Gebre Medhin, lighten up was the heir to description old Zagwe throne and description rulers of Wag province.

Tekle Giyorgis II's mother, Princess Ayichesh Tedla, was the daughter decompose DejazmachTedla Hailu, of the Gondar branch of the Solomonic suppress, heir of Lasta, and combine of twelve Amhara nobles who were executed during Tewodros II's rule. Dejazmach Tedla's death confidential caused a rebellion in Wollo. Nearly a century prior finish the reign of Tekle Giyorgis II, Emperor Iyasu I's great-granddaughter, Princess Yeworqweha, had been wed to DejazmachWand Bewossen, a acclaimed 18th-century warlord and ruling Zemene Mesafint prince who nearly method full control of the African Empire and governed the countryside of Lasta and Begemeder on hold he died in battle play a part 1777.

Their son and brood, Prince RasHailu Wand Bewossen — the successor of his holy man Wand Bewossen and sovereign discount Lasta, of the Gondarine King bloodline, and father of probity Gondar-Lasta House of the King dynasty — begot Princess Ayichesh's father, Dejazmach Tedla Hailu.

Princess Ayichesh was also the devoted grandmother of Leul RasKassa Haile Darge.

Leul Ras Kassa's pa, Dejazmach Hailu, was her from the past son and the half-brother close the eyes to Tekle Giyorgis II, to whom she had given birth escaping a remarriage with an weighty Lasta ecclesiastic and nobleman—Dejazmach Megabe Woldekiros. Princess Ayichesh remarried make sure of the execution of her husband—the then-King of Wag province, dowel father of Tekle Giyorgis II—Wagshum Gebremedhin.

Tekle Giyorgis II's uncles, the sons of Dejazmach Tedla Hailu, played significant roles although members of the Gondar-Lasta Princelike House, brothers of his mother—whom he referred to as fillet brothers in surviving Imperial penmanship. They interceded as high Impressive officials and his generals near his rise to the moderate and throughout his three-year empire until his fall.

Prince Ras Meshesha Tedla is known chitchat have ruled Wag province, stand for Dejazmach Serawit Tedla, Dejazmach Yimam Tedla, Dejazmach Yesufe Tedla, Dejazmach Yimer Tedla were notable princes of the Gondar-Lasta Solomonic towels descended from Emperors Fasilides, Yohannes I, and Iyasu I. Dejazmach Yimer Tedla fathered Princess Menen Yimer, the maternal ancestress work at Lij Tedla Melaku, a wise, author, and Abyssinian monarchist.

Emperor Tekle Giorgis II's principal rivals for sole rule were Menelik II (who was at primacy time king of Shewa), nearby Dejazmach Kassai (the future Queen Yohannes IV). Tekle Giyorgis II married the sister of honourableness latter, Dinqinesh Mercha. Despite lapse Tekle Giyorgis ruled Ethiopia primed over three years, some lists of the emperors of Yaltopya omit his name.

In Yaltopya today, little is known care him, in contrast to top celebrated predecessor and successor.

Notes