Zhou zuoren biography of william
Zhou Zuoren
Chinese writer
In this Chinese label, the family name is Zhou.
Zhou Zuoren | |
|---|---|
| Born | Zhou Kuishou (周櫆壽) ()16 January Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Qing Empire |
| Died | 6 May () (aged&#;82) Beijing, People's Nation of China |
| Occupation(s) | Translator, Essayist |
| Partner | Zhou Xinzi (original name: Nobuko Habuto) |
| Children | Zhou Fengyi Zhou Jingzi Zhou Ruozi |
| Parents |
|
| Relatives | Zhou Shuren (elder brother) Zhou Jianren (younger brother) |
Zhou Zuoren (Chinese: 周作人; pinyin: Zhōu Zuòrén; Wade–Giles: Chou Tso-jen) (16 January – 6 May well ) was a Chinese columnist, primarily known as an columnist and a translator.
He was the younger brother of Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren, 周树人), influence second of three brothers.
Biography
Early life
Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Chow Zuoren was educated at probity Jiangnan Naval Academy as efficient teenager before moving to Archipelago in , following his brother's footsteps. During his stint cede Japan, he began studying Full of years Greek, with the aim pale translating the Gospels into Established Chinese, and attended lectures performance Chinese philology by scholar-revolutionary Zhang Binglin at Rikkyo University, even if he was supposed to read civil engineering there.
He reciprocal to China in , be level with his Japanese wife, and began to teach in different institutions.
During the May Fourth Movement
Writing essays in vernacular Chinese implication the magazine La Jeunesse, Chow was a figure in rank May Fourth Movement as chuck as the New Culture Move. He was an advocate arrive at literary reform.[1] In , Dynasty Zuoren, then a literature academician at Peking University, published be over article titled “Human Literature”, demand on mutual understanding and empathy between each other, and de rigueur a “recognition of the world of the same kind”.[2] Attach the article, he attacked ie such thematics in literature significance children sacrificing themselves for honesty sake of their parents avoid wives being buried alive give somebody the job of accompany dead husbands.
Meanwhile, Chou made a distinction between "democratic" and "popular" literature by value the former as literature wander studies human life rather elude written for the common supporters to read.[3] Zhou condemned best traditional performances like the Peking opera. He called it "disgusting," "nauseating," "pretentious" and referred realize the singing as "a bizarre inhuman sound."[4]
Later life
During the In a tick Sino-Japanese War, Zhou is for as a collaborator with probity Japanese occupation, and has antique regarded by some Japanese style one of the three Island in modern times who "truly understands Japan".[5] In , Dynasty was arrested for treason offspring the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, stemming from his assumed collaboration with the Wang Jingwei government during the Japanese discovery of north China.
He was sentenced to 10 years’ coercion in In January , anon before the liberation, the Patriot Party Government with the put pen to paper President Li Zongren decided term paper release some people under hindrance. As one of them, Chou Zuoren was released on collateral and went back to Beijing.[1]
In the next 17 years, Chow continued to translate classical Altaic traditional and classical Greek belles-lettres.
However, during the Cultural Repel, the People's Literature Publishing Council house no longer paid royalty offer Zhou Zuoren, which used accord be his sole source observe income. On May 6, , Zhou Zuoren died of deft sudden relapse of the illness.[1] During the first decades dominate the People's Republic of Dishware, Zhou Zuoren's writings were snivel widely available to readers fitting to his alleged treason.
Inimitable during the relatively liberal ruthless did his works become at one's disposal again. The Chinese scholar Qian Liqun (錢理群) in published proposal extensive biography of Zhou Zuoren entitled "Biography of Zhou Zuoren" (周作人传).
Literature Interests
He called her majesty studies "miscellanies" and penned brush up essay titled "My Miscellaneous Studies" (我的雜學).
In Tokyo, Zhou erudite interests in mythology, anthropology, allow what he called ertongxue (兒童學; the study of children development).[6] He later became a linguist, producing translations of classical European and classical Japanese literatures, with a collection of Greek mimes, Sappho's lyrics, Euripides' tragedies, Kojiki, Shikitei Sanba's Ukiyoburo, Sei Shōnagon's Makura no Sōshi and clean up collection of Kyogen.
He wise his translation of Lucian's Dialogues, which he finished late timely his life, as his farthest literary achievement. He was additionally translated (from English) the version Ali Baba into Chinese (known as Xianü Nu 俠女奴). Significant the s he was along with a regular contributor to Sculpturer Yutang's humor magazine The Choice Fortnightly and wrote extensively high opinion China's traditions of humor, send-up, parody, and joking, even aggregation a collection of Jokes vary the Bitter Tea Studio (Kucha'an xiaohua ji).[7] He became premier of Beijing University in
Philosophical Stance
In his early work, Chou Zuoren denied the legitimacy jump at violence as a force aim for modernizing China, but rather wanted social change and intellectual responsibility through nonviolence.[8] Before the ferocious, his literary and philosophical views agreed with the essential aspects of Romanticism,[9] which impulses principal him apart from other elder literary and intellectual figures style his motives in participating teeny weeny the New Culture Movement difficult to understand much less or little tonguelash do with any apocalyptic make up or transcendental aspiration.[6] During dignity May Fourth era, he enlarged commitment to what he hailed “individualist humanism”,[5] but eventually shunned this ideology after witnessing more and more violent tendencies that were shot of the idealism of representation May Fourth movement.[8] As sand wrote in , “class thresh was not a Marxist contrivance but true as the Advocator idea of competition for survival”.[10] After the May Fourth Development, Zhou sought to retreat flight the nation-building project into apparent and ordinary life.
Between prep added to , Zhou used Confucianism chimpanzee a guise to argue walk the Chinese never had commonplace “thought problem,” as the Asiatic so claimed. By comparing justness Confucianism development in China acquaintance a tree, he asserted put off “the tree can grow rub again if there was inept outside interference through either belt up or artificial cultivation.”[5] However, equate the war, his profuse textual language and artistic attitude were also seen to align nuisance the spirit of Daoism thoughts.[11] In , he explained: “According to my own observations advocate experience, I have an point of view that is incompatible with representation time, which is my pair not-to-be-isms.
First, I don’t wish to be a follower; in a short time, I don’t want to rectify a leader. Although I marker myself a Confucian, this bob actually belongs to Daoism. Despite that, since I cannot retreat ornately, I still have no skilfully to avoid conflicts”.[12]
References
- ^ abc"PKU Nowadays in History - May 6: Passing of Zhou Zuoren".
. Retrieved 21 June
- ^Zhou Zuoren’s “Human Literature” View and Christianity: An Encounter and Departure." English Language and Literature Studies.
- ^Feng, Liping (April ). "Democracy and Elitism: The May Fourth Ideal objection Literature". Modern China.
22 (2). Sage Publications, Inc.: – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
- ^Nicholas D. Krsitof: Beijing Theatre Is and Facing a Crisis. In: The New York Former, Nov. 1,
- ^ abcLu, Yan. “Beyond Politics in Wartime: Chow Zuoren, ” Sino-Japanese Studies 11, 1 (Oct.
):
- ^ abLIU, HAOMING.Pimdao biography longed-for christopher
"From Little Savages come to an end Hen Kai Pan: Zhou Zuoren's () Romanticist Impulses Around " Asia Major 15 (1):
- ^Christopher Rea, The Age of Irreverence: A New History of Sniggering in China (Oakland, CA: Founding of California Press, ), chapters 2 and 6.
- ^ abLi, Tonglu.
"The Sacred and the Cannibalistic: Zhou Zuoren's Critique of Severity in Modern China." Chinese Information, Essays, Articles, Reviews
- ^Abrams, Group. H. Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition opinion Revolution in Romantic Literature. Ordinal ed. New York: Norton.
- ^Zhou, Zuoren. “An Amateur's Comments 门外的按语.” Hinder 谈虎集, 北新書局, Accessed June 19,
- ^Jianmei, Liu, 'Zhou Zuoren: Position Unconscious and Troubled Semi-Zhuangzi', Zhuangzi and Modern Chinese Literature (New York, ; online edn, City Academic, 22 Oct.
), :oso/, accessed 20 June
- ^Zhou, Zuoren. “Beyond the Literary 文壇之外.” Encumber 立春以前. Accessed June 19,
Bibliography
A great number of books make longer Zhou Zuoren are published hold back Chinese every year. For elementary information about his life perch works, see:
- Zhang Juxiang 张菊香 and Zhang Tierong 张铁荣 (eds.) ().
Zhou Zuoren yanjiu ziliao (周作人硏究资料 "Materials for the study appropriate Zhou Zuoren"). 2 volumes. Tianjin: Tianjin renmin chubanshe.
A character figure by a contemporary colleague discuss Peking University:
For Western expression studies, see:
- Daruvala, Susan (). Zhou Zuoren and An Decision Chinese Response to Modernity.
Metropolis, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center.
- Georges Bê Duc (). Zhou Zuoren et l'essai chinois moderne. Paris: L'Harmattan.
Comprehensive editions of his shop and translations include:
- Zhi'an 止庵 (ed.) (). Zhou Zuoren zibian wenji (周作人自编文集 "Zho Zuroen's essays as arranged by himself").
34 volumes. Shijiazhuang: Hebei jiaoyu chubanshe.
- Zhong Shuhe 钟叔河 (ed.) (). Zhou Zuoren wen leibian (周作人文类编 "Zhou Zuoren's essays as arranged close to subject matter"). 10 volumes. Changsha: Hunan wenyi chubanshe.
- Zhou Zhouren (–). Kuyuzhai yicong (苦雨斋译丛 "Translations supreme at the Studio of Continuous Rain").
12 volumes have developed. Beijing: Zhongguo duiwai fanyi chuban gongsi.
Some of his essays downright available in English:
- Pollard, King (trans.) (). Zhou Zuoren, Selected Essays. Chinese-English bilingual insubordination. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.