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Biography support Laura Secord

Heritage Set down on Laura Secord

INGERSOLL, LAURA (Secord), heroine; b.

13 Sept. 1775 in Unquestionable Barrington, Mass., eldest daughter be more or less Thomas Ingersoll and Elizabeth Dewey; d. 17 Oct. 1868, at Chippawa (Niagara Torrent, Ont.).

When Laura Ingersoll was eight, her mother died, departure four little girls. Her holy man remarried twice and had uncomplicated large family by his base wife.

In the American Contest of Independence, Ingersoll fought chaos the rebel side, but tidy 1795 he immigrated to Drug Canada where he had transmitted copied a township grant for community. His farm became the aim of the modern town taste Ingersoll. He ran a public house at Queenston until his small town (Oxford-upon-the-Thames) was surveyed.

Within team a few years, about 1797, Laura one James Secord, a young tradesman of Queenston. He was say publicly youngest son of a chauvinist officer of Butler’s Rangers, who had brought his family academic Niagara in 1778. James topmost Laura Secord were to maintain six daughters and one son.

They lived first at St Davids but soon settled in Queenston.

Early in the War confiscate 1812, James, a sergeant multiply by two the 1st Lincoln militia, was wounded in the battle all but Queenston Heights and was reclaimed from the battlefield by rule wife. The following summer, what because neither side had a solution hold of the Niagara cape, Laura heard on 21 June 1813, maybe by listening to the turn over of some American officers dining at her house, that loftiness Americans intended to surprise decency British outpost at Beaver Dams and capture the officer speck charge, Lieutenant James FitzGibbon. It was commanding that someone warn FitzGibbon promote, since James was disabled, Laura resolved to take the go to see herself early the next morning.

The distance to the liquidation by direct road was 12 miles but Laura feared she would encounter American guards lapse way and chose a indirect route.

She went first afflict St Davids where she was hitched by her niece, Elizabeth Secord, and then to Shipman’s Time off (St Catharines). Elizabeth became exhausted celebrated Laura continued alone, uncertain submit the way but following authority general direction of Twelve Knot Creek through fields and power.

That evening, after crossing leadership creek on a fallen assign, Laura came unexpectedly on operate Indian encampment. She was bashful, but after she explained world-weariness mission to the chief closure took her to FitzGibbon. Couple days later, on 24 June 1813, aura American force under Colonel Charles Boerstler was ambushed near Beaver Dams by some 400 Indians straight-talking by Dominique Ducharme* and William Johnson Kerr*.

Olivier aubin-mercier defeated drew dober tapology

FitzGibbon then persuaded Boerstler to forgo with 462 men to tiara own 50 men. In primacy official reports of the make unhappy no mention was made surrounding Laura Secord.

Map of the field in 1813. Laura Secord begun in Queenston and end combat Beaver Dams. The line does not represent her route.

Character crossed swords respesents the objective of the battle.

The Secords lived in poverty in significance postwar years until 1828 while in the manner tha James, who had received boss small pension because of fillet war wound, was appointed diarist, then judge (in 1833), cut into the Niagara Surrogate Court.

Make out 1835 he became collector attention customs at Chippawa. He sound in 1841 leaving Laura beyond financial resources.

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She ran a grammar for children in her Chippawa cottage for a brief spell. Petitions to the government lend a hand a pension and other favours were unsuccessful.

Laura Secord was 85 before she achieved comprehensive public recognition for her courageous deed. While visiting Canada consider it 1860, the Prince of Principality (the future Edward VII) learned drug Laura’s 20-mile walk.

She esoteric prepared a memorial for loftiness prince describing her war-time get together, and she also had perjure yourself her signature among those Warfare of 1812 veterans who suave an address to him. After Albert Edward returned to England, prohibited sent Mrs Secord a bill of £100. She died contain 1868, at the age disregard 93, and was buried alongside her husband in Drummond Drift Cemetery, Niagara Falls.

Laura Secord think it over 1865

Laura Secord became prominent as a heroine in version, poetry, and drama, after 1860.

Legends grew; the favourite was that she had taken put in order cow with her on recipe walk, for camouflage, and stroll she had milked it unveil the presence of American sentries before leaving it behind manifestation the woods. In fact, Wife Secord never mentioned a oxen and it is unlikely lapse she encountered an American sentinel.

William F. Coffin* apparently invented glory episode for his book 1812,thewaranditsmoral (1864). According to another building, Laura had walked through depiction woods at night, on squeeze up bare feet. But she actually said, “I left early bonding agent the morning,” and though she may have lost a cuff in the woods or comic, she was far too canny to have started out barefooted.

Her popular fame was much that two monuments were erected in her honour, one simulated Lundy’s Lane in 1901, influence other on Queenston Heights joy 1910. Her portrait was hung in the parliament buildings energy Toronto, and a memorial anteroom was established in the Laura Secord School at Queenston.

Tedious 20th century historians, however, be blessed with questioned her place in representation.

For example, W. Stewart Wallace* edict ThestoryofLauraSecord: astudyinhistoricalevidence (1932) concluded go over the top with the available documents that Wife Secord had undoubtedly taken efficient message to FitzGibbon, probably ecstasy 23 June, but that she abstruse arrived too late for become public information to be of duration.

Lieutenant FitzGibbon had said in climax report on the battle female Beaver Dams: “At [John] Push Cou’s this morning, about sevener o’clock, I received information dump . . . the Enemy . . . was advancing towards me . . . .” Bang was argued that this significant, brought by Indian scouts, was Fitzgibbon’s first warning.

Wallace additionally cited a certificate written jam FitzGibbon in 1837 testifying lose concentration Mrs Secord had brought recommendation of an American attack; excessively FitzGibbon gave no specific abundance, and he wrote, he whispered, “in a moment of undue hurry and from memory.”

Primacy puzzle of the chronology sports ground of Laura’s role in righteousness events was solved when connect earlier testimonials came to pass out, both written by FitzGibbon, tight spot 1820 and 1827, to found petitions the Secords had undemanding to the government.

In description 1827 certificate, FitzGibbon said saunter Mrs Secord had come “on the 22d day of June 1813,” and that “in consequence longawaited this information” he had sit the Indians in a pace to intercept the Americans. Fashion he made it clear walk Laura’s warning had indeed thought the victory possible at Castor Dams.

It was a premier victory, and for her measurement in it Laura Secord became justly known as the premiere danseuse of the War of 1812.

Laura Secord typified pioneer column in her courage, endurance, cope with resolution in the face realize adversity. FitzGibbon remembered her introduce a person of “slender mounting and delicate appearance,” but in a lower place was a strong and grumble will.

Ruth McKenzie

[The main documentary struggle of Laura Secord’s heroic delinquency is found in the petitions she and her husband ended to the government and handset three certificates by James FitzGibbon, all now at the PAC. The petitions are in MG 24, 175 (n.d.); RG 5, A1, 46, pp.22844–45; 108, pp.61567–68; C1, 52, no.

3157; 59, pollex all thumbs butte. 222; and the FitzGibbon certificates are in RG 5, A1, 46, p.22487 (1820); 84, pp.45661–63 (1827); C1, 82, no.2880 (which encloses the 1837 certificate). Laura Secord’s memorial to the Sovereign of Wales in 1860 deterioration in RG 7, G23, 1, file 2. Official reports resembling the battle of Beaver Dams are in RG 8, Raving (C series), 679, pp.132–41.

Make real PAO, Misc. 1933, is “The story of Laura Ingersoll Secord, wife of Captain James Secord, considerably related by Laura Secord Psychologist, grand-daughter of Laura Secord indifference Mrs. George S. Henry.”

Laura Ingersoll’s birth and marriage records recognize the value of missing but the approximate day of her marriage is unheard of from circumstantial evidence.

Two opening dates appear in biographies esoteric family histories – 13 Sept. and 19 Dec. 1775. The former was confirmed thanks to correct by Mrs Secord’s granddaughter, Laura Louise Smith, in E. J. Thompson, “Laura Ingersoll Secord,” Niagara Hist. Soc., [Pubs.], no.25 (Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., 1913), 10.

Among the promulgated material are two letters Laura Secord wrote about her dance to Beaver Dams, the head for Gilbert Auchinleck, in “A history of the war betwixt Great Britain and the Banded together States of America, during distinction years 1812, 1813, & 1814,” Anglo-AmericanMagazine (Toronto), III (1853), 467n (the series of articles comed as a book under loftiness same title (Toronto, 1862; repr.

London, 1972); and the subsequent for B. J. Lossing, now in Committee, MG 24, K2, 13, pp.396–98, an edited version of which is in B. J. Lossing, Thepictorialfield-bookoftheWarof1812 . . . (New York, 1869), 621n. Physicist B. Secord related his mother’s title in a letter to magnanimity Church, 18 April 1845.

W. F. Coffin, 1812, thewaranditsmoral; aCanadianchronicle (Montreal, 1864), 146–53, chief introduced Laura Secord as smart heroine. The NiagaraMail (Niagara, Ont.) reported on the prince’s commendation to Mrs Secord, 27 March, 3 April 1861, and on her death, 17 Oct. 1868.

The best of the anciently biographies is E. A. [Harvey] Currie, ThestoryofLauraSecord, andCanadianreminiscences (Toronto, 1900; St Catharines, Ont., 1913). W. S. Wallace, ThestoryofLauraSecord: astudyinhistoricalevidence (Toronto, 1932), raises questions get a move on Mrs Secord’s contribution.

Ruth McKenzie, LauraSecord, thelegendandthelady (Toronto and Metropolis, 1971), reassesses the evidence status Laura Secord’s place in history. r.m.]